God of war, virile power, spring and life in the fields. You see, the privileges of fire were restricted only to the gods. His story is told by Servius, the 4th-century-ad commentator on Virgil. Juno urged him to set her free and apologized for what she did. The place is a plain where many sulphurous vapour outlets are located (currently Solfatara). Into its upper surface are dug several narrow channels and in front of it are the remains of a draining channel made of tufaceous slabs. His worship was very ancient, and at Rome he had his own priest ( flamen ). [86], In 2013, Reuters reported that the name "Vulcan" was being promoted as a name for "newly discovered" moons of Pluto. One of these gods was Vulcan. In many images and stories, she holds pieces of farming equipment underpinning her status as the goddess of . According to Roman tradition the sanctuary had been dedicated by Romulus. This page was last edited on 24 February 2023, at 18:01. The Vulcanal was dedicated to Vulcan to pacify his violent mood swings. The History of Guns, https://www.learnreligions.com/the-roman-vulcanalia-festival-2561471, Greek Mythology: Stories, Characters, Gods, and Culture, Aztec Mythology: Important Stories and Characters, Greek Gods and Goddesses: Family Tree and Fun Facts, Roman Gods and Goddesses: The Names and Stories of 29 Ancient Roman Gods, A message from the underground forge of the gods: history and current eruptions at Mt Etna, Minerva: Roman Goddess of Wisdom and Justice, iPhone History: A Timeline of Every Model in Order, US History Timeline: The Dates of Americas Journey, Ancient Civilizations Timeline: 16 Oldest Known Cultures From Around The World, Why Are Hot Dogs Called Hot Dogs? His shine was in the center of the city, but space was carefully maintained around it so fires could not easily spread. Hephaestus is either the son of Zeus and Hera, or simply of Hera alone, who gives birth to him in retaliation for Zeus's solo fathering of Athena. We cant just talk about Vulcan without taking a closer look at his Greek equivalent in Hephaestus. An ancient god of fire in Roman mythology, Vulcan is the counterpart of the Greek god Hephaestus, the god of fire and patron of metalwork and crafts. Juno was so horrified that she hurled the tiny baby off the top of Mount Olympus. Whether your luck is good or bad is entirely up to the whims of Fortuna. Through comparative interpretation this aspect has been connected by Dumzil to the third or defensive fire in the theory of the three Vedic sacrificial fires. Fire is one of the most important discoveries of mankind. 1. These legends date back to the time of preurban Latium. She made him a chair that was rigged to trap him when he sat in it, and then he refused to let go of it until Bacchus got him so drunk that he would have said yes to anything. Vulcan tried this with several such stones. Vulcans skills as a forger and a blacksmith cant be underestimated. War, Violence, Strength (pertaining to violent power), Fighting (the physical aspect), Violent Conquest, Sadism, Torture (physical and psychological), Brutality, Courage, Recklessness, Athleticism, Physical Endurance, Violent Rape, Extermination (of animals, insects, the enemy, ethnic groups, etc. For instance, when Helios, the sun god, informed Hephaestus of Aphrodites affair with Ares, Hephaestus set up a trap to expose them and turn them into laughingstocks of the gods. The Roman god of fire has had his fair share of prayers and chants. The Roman Vulcan remained a god of smithing, but became more closely associated with fire than he had been in Greece. Please like and share this article if you found it useful. He was shown often in the nude, perhaps a sign of the raw, unadorned forces he was thought to inspire. When clothed, he wore a military cloak, plumed helm, and cuirass. The fires and volcanoes he was associated with also had a destructive aspect, however. Vulcan is also portrayed gripping a spearhead and pointing it toward the sky to signify his rampant position as the Roman god of fire. Streamline your workflow with our best-in-class digital asset management system. But Jupiter ended up sending Pandora to Earth with a box that contained all sorts of evil: plague, hate, envy, you name it. Helios was a Titan and told Vulcan about the affair between Mars and Venus. Due to Hephaestus ugliness, he often remains a footnote in Greek mythology. Due to the existence of volcanoes and other heated hazards in Roman realms, the destructive nature of fire had to be calmed through intense worship sessions. Safety and danger dance in flawless harmony. This included such things as disease, evil, old age, war and more. The famous Roman poet Ovid captures this scene in his Metamorphosis, which does a fantastic job of expressing how angry the ugly god had actually become after hearing the news of his wifes affair. Different sources through the years blamed Emperor Nero, religious sects, speculators, and looters for the spread of the flames. Vulcan at the Forge statue, Birmingham, Alabama, 2010. hephaestus, greek god of blacksmiths, wood engraving, published in 1878 - vulcan roman god stock illustrations. While the Greeks established many great cities, none were as large or densely-populated as Rome. Pliny the Elder records that near Modena fire came out from soil statis Vulcano diebus, on fixed days devoted to Vulcan. Vulcan pitched the idea of creating a foolish woman that would start a chain reaction of releasing pure evil into the world of men. After all, he prefers quality over quantity, and his trademark is famed in Olympus and on Earth. The Great Fire of Rome raged for ten days and burned nearly two-thirds of the citys buildings. and G.B. Whatever fire brought, it sure wasnt biased towards being advantageous or disadvantageous to whoever wielded it. The statue portrays Vulcan, the Roman god of fire, and is the world's largest cast metal statue. Hephaestus is the armorer and smith of the gods, and he forges spectacular magical objects. Through the comparative analysis of these myths, archaeologist Andrea Carandini opines that Cacus and Caca were the sons of Vulcan and of a local divine being or a virgin as in the case of Caeculus. It was said that whenever Venus was unfaithful, Vulcan grew angry and beat the red-hot metal with such a force that sparks and smoke rose up from the top of the mountain, creating a volcanic eruption. The early Italian gods did not have the human characteristics that those of Greece did, so they would have had no need for the weapons and armor a smith would create. He was depicted as a bearded man holding a hammer and tongs--the tools of a smith--and sometimes riding a donkey. Unfortunately, one of his legs broke as he hit the water, and never developed properly. [72], The area Volcani was probably a locus substructus. He is not a character in the novel and is now the "god of guns" in this version, using the forge at his ammunition factory as a symbolic representation of a volcano. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. So, Vulcan decided to make life a living hell for Mars and Venus; they would realize precisely how explosive an ugly god could be if angered. His mythology had been inspired by the Greek metalworking deity, Hephaestus. God of the underworld. Vulcan sank to the depths of the ocean, where the sea-nymph Thetis found him and took him to her underwater grotto, wanting to raise him as her own son. In all of the above-mentioned stories, the god's fertilizing power is related to that of the fire of the house hearth. Still, the name has been popularized amidst stories and epics of thousands of words. When he hit the water, it broke one of his legs. At first, Vulcan refused to believe it, but his anger started to swell so much that sparks began to fly off the summit of Mount Etna. Festus writes: "Parilibus Romulus Vrbem condidit, quem diem festum praecipue habebant iuniores." The date of April 21 marked the starting point of the process of initiation of the future new citizens which concluded four months later on the ceremony of the Consualia, which involves athletic games and marriages. Vulcanos, Vulcan. For instance, the famous TV franchise Star Trek features the planet Vulcan. This has leaked onto other franchises as well, where other fantastical worlds carry his namesake. Such was the volatility of the Roman god of volcanoes; yet another ode to his unpredictability. He was invoked by warriors and fighters to obtain victory, and he was represented with an armor, a sword, a shield and a helmet. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). He also made the thrones for the other gods on Mount Olympus. His chief festival, the Volcanalia, was held on August 23 and was marked by a rite of unknown significance: the heads of Roman families threw small fish into the fire. After all, it kept the predators at bay on unnaturally dark nights, helped cook food and, most importantly, acted as a beacon of safety and comfort when times got rough. It was Vulcan who made a chain of gold that was unbreakable. [38] Servius Tullius' mother Ocresia was impregnated by a male sex organ that miraculously appeared in the ashes of the sacrificial ara, at the order of Tanaquil, Tarquinius Priscus' wife. In other works, he was also seen working the hammer on an anvil, possibly forging a sword or some kind of divine tool. Smiling with glee, Juno sat on the throne. Vulcan agreed. Mercurys Greek equivalent was Hermes, in case you were wondering. [28] In response to the same fire, Domitian (emperor 8196) established a new altar to Vulcan on the Quirinal Hill. Most Romans could agree, however, that the fire had been allowed to cause so much devastation because of Vulcan. Vulcan made pearl-handled knives and spoons for his foster mother, and for himself he made a silver chariot with bridles so that seahorses could transport him quickly. His cult enjoyed a period of popularity in the Roman Empire during the 2nd and 3rd centuries and the god had a temple in Rome on the Aventine.[58]. Vulcans Greek counterpart is actually none other than Hephaestus. Due to Vulcans sheer ugliness (which she used as an excuse), Venus began to look for pleasure in other forms by looking outside their marriage. It was called the Vulcanalia, where the Roman people arranged huge BBQ parties with flaring bonfires. HEPHAISTOS (Hephaestus) was the Olympian god of fire, smiths, craftsmen, metalworking, stonemasonry and sculpture. Vulcans siblings in Roman mythology included the star-studded lineup of Mars, Bellona and Juventas. Mercurys helmet is a well-known symbol of agility and heavenly velocity. Vulcan had a child known as Cacus who was a monster. The latter also revolves around the concept of volcanoes. Youd expect a god of fire to be a hunk of man, right? Vulcan is known as the God who made Pandora from clay. You wont believe this, but Vulcan was one of Jupiters legitimate children. Unfortunately for the god of fire, Minerva was quite serious about her commitment to being a virgin goddess. It was a celebration that took place on August 23 each year. She was also the goddess of trade, the arts, and strategy in war. [60], Through his identification with the Hephaestus of Greek mythology, Vulcan came to be considered as the manufacturer of art, arms, iron, jewelry, and armor for various gods and heroes, including the lightning bolts of Jupiter. Some scholars think that Vulcan might be the unknown god who impregnated goddesses Fortuna Primigenia at Praeneste and Feronia at Anxur. It is there too that a part of the tradition locates the place of his death: the site was marked by the Lapis Niger: Festus writes "Niger lapis in Comitio locum funestum significat, ut ali, Romuli morti destinatum". Though there are many disputes regarding this theory, the etymology matches up as Vulcans name sounds suspiciously similar to Velchanos, the Cretan god of the nether and nature. [14] Vulcan also had a temple on the Campus Martius, which was in existence by 214 BC.[4][18]. The Roman god of fire was Vulcan. The son of Zeus* and Hera* (or, in some versions, of Hera alone), Hephaestus . These include, but may not be limited to religious texts, myth, and/or folk lore. Fortunately, Vulcan ended up in the caring hands of Tethys, the Titaness, daughter of Gaia and Uranus, in charge of the sea. Vulcan agreed and married Venus. Vulcan. [40] The divinity of the child was recognized when his head was surrounded by flames and he remained unharmed.[41]. There came a time when Vulcans foster mother Thetis went to a dinner party on top of Mount Olympus. He dropd his hammer, and he shook all oer: Then courage takes, and full of vengeful ire. Vulcan's siblings in Roman mythology included the star-studded lineup of Mars, Bellona and Juventas. He also made a golden slave-girl to wait on him and do various tasks. [89][90], Vulcan is the main character Tatsuya Suou's starting Persona in Persona 2: Innocent Sin. Fearing that Minerva would one day grow up and usurp him just like Jupiter had once done by slaying Cronus, he fell into a midlife mental crisis. At the party, Juno was captivated by the necklace worn by Thetis. Speaking of games, Vulcan is also reimagined in the world of Warhammer 40,000 as Vulkan. Having developed sympathy for mankind, Prometheus decided to defy Jupiter and trick him into gifting humanity fire. Roman name: Vulcan or Mulciber. Both of their names converge to form the word volcano.. [11] But since the name in its normal form is stable and has a clear meaningkurd ("smith") + on ("of the family") + Alaeg (the name of one of the Nartic families)this hypothesis has been considered unacceptable by Dumezil. However, the most famous of Vulcans creations are the lightning bolts that Jupiter uses to deliver absolution. Flamen was Vulcans personal priest. The only ugly Olympian, he is also partially crippled. Dionysius of Halicarnassus, II.50.3; Varro V.74. Vulcan spent hours staring at the fire. The Minoan god's identity would be that of a young deity, master of fire and companion of the Great Goddess. Vulcan, in Roman religion, god of fire, particularly in its destructive aspects as volcanoes or conflagrations. Vulcan was invoked to avert fires, as his epithets Quietus and Mulciber (Fire Allayer) suggest. The Romans identified Vulcan with the Greek smith-god Hephaestus. The planet Vulcan in the Star Trek franchise, for instance, is specified as orbiting 40 Eridani A. Vulcan is a playable character in Smite, an online MOBA where Gods fight each other. In Roman myth Vulcan was the father of Caeculus, founder of Praeneste (now Palestrina, Italy). All to honor Vulcan and plead the god not to start any unwanted hazards and avert harmful fires. Vulcans temples and rituals were placed outside of the city or physically isolated from other buildings. Aulus Gellius writes that some haruspices were summoned to expiate the prodigy and they had it moved to a lower site, where sunlight never reached, out of their hatred for the Romans. [67] Plutarch states that Romulus was represented crowned by Victory. Vulcan is a Roman God whose father was Jupiter, king of the Gods. His theology would be reflected in the Greek myths of Theseus and the Minotaur and in those concerning the childhood of Zeus on Mount Ida. As a smith, he used fire to create tools, armor, weapons, and luxury items. Pandora opened this box due to her foolishness and curiosity, unleashing pure raw villainy upon the realms of men. He is also related to volcanoes and fire. [citation needed]. Poetically, he is given all the attributes of the Greek Hephaestus. The lightning bolts of Jupiter are essential objects in ancient lore as it has been (on many occasions) the bringer of justice/injustice depending on how aroused the king of gods was on that particular day. In fact, it was built away from villages and out in the open because it was too dangerous to be left near human settlements. Roman Gods At the time of the Roman Empire, which was at its greatest around the year 117 CE (almost 2,000 years ago), the people of Rome worshipped many different gods. According to Roman legend, one day Vulcans father Jupiter had a headache. It would cause sparks and smoke to move to the top of the mountain. [59] He was the first god of the cavern of Mount Ida, where he had an oracle, and was honoured also in Cyprus. Juno was furious and demanded that Vulcan return home, a demand that he refused. Regardless, Vulcans rage and Vesuvius immediate eruption caused hundreds of innocent deaths and forever marked mother natures might upon the pages of history. It combined both the reverence of fire as a life-giving element and the danger that was associated with it. These chains, obedient to the touch, he spread, In secret foldings oer the conscious bed.. He appears only when theres some severe drama involved. An ancient god of fire in Roman mythology, Vulcan is the counterpart of the Greek god Hephaestus, the god of fire and patron of metalwork and crafts. Ceres carries a staff or scepter in many images reflecting her role as a leading member of the family of Roman gods. [6], The origin of the name is unclear. [27], Vulcan was among the gods placated after the Great Fire of Rome in AD 64. Because he was a deity of destructive fire, his temples were properly located outside the city. Venus was the Roman goddess whose functions encompassed love, beauty, sex, fertility, prosperity and victory. His forge was believed to be situated underneath Mount Aetna in Sicily. The tales about Vulcan, who is sometimes called Mulciber (the smelter), are all based on Greek myths about Hephaestus. The next day he made the fire hotter and realized there were stones that sweated gold, iron, and silver when subjected to fire. Overview Its placement on the Campus Martius kept the city safe in more than one way. Organize, control, distribute and measure all of your digital content. Pearls were his toys. It is said this caused volcanic eruptions. But hold up, did you think it was a normal throne meant to honor the Olympians? Previous article Structure of the New Testament with books. The Romans hoped, however, that the god of war and the god of fire would work together in the common goal of keeping the city safe from outside threats. Vulcan was the god of smithing, deserts and volcanoes. His mother was Juno, queen of the Gods. Though a total of 1,000 people is said to have died in the tragedy, the exact numbers are not really known. However, the same discovery that once promised safety also brought with it the ravages of danger. While Hephaestus was busy punishing his wife for cheating on him, Vulcan was blowing up mountains simply because he was angry. My name is Mike and for as long as I can remember (too long!) The name Vulcan might consist of two syllables. Learning of the circumstances of his birth, Vulcan boiled with anger at the thought of his divine parents ditching him for something he had no control over. Unfortunately, Hephaestus also shared the same ugliness as Vulcan, which impacted his life more often than not (sometimes directly involving his wife, Aphrodite). [4] The Volcanalia sacrifice was offered here to Vulcan, on August 23. In Roman mythology, she was the mother of the Roman people through her son, Aeneas, who survived the fall of Troy and fled to Italy. Vulcans fires could destroy crops, burn houses, and kill people who were caught in their path. In all the legends . It was one of the most ancient Roman shrines. [citation needed], The Vulcan statue located in Birmingham, Alabama is the largest cast iron statue in the world. Buildings were often destroyed and finally, in 64 AD, a devastating fire engulfed much of the city. This domain made Vulcan a god who was both loved and trusted by the Romans. theoi.com/Olympios/HephaistosLoves.html#aphrodite. Like most Greek gods, Hephaestus was combined with local deities when he was adopted by the Romans. The Origin of Hotdogs, The History of Boracay Island in The Philippines. Think again because the throne was actually a trap set by Vulcan for his beloved mother. [43] Varro confirms the fact. As the son of Jupiter, the king of the gods, and Juno, the queen of the gods, Vulcan should have been quite handsome, but baby Vulcan was small and ugly with a red, bawling face. Juno was so horrified that she hurled the tiny baby off the top of Mount Olympus . The theological profile of Velchanos looks identical to that of Jupiter Dolichenus, a god of primarily Hittite ascendence in his identification with the bull, who has Sumero-Accadic, Aramaic and Hittito-Hurrite features as a god of tempest, according for example to the researches conducted in Syria by French scholar Paul Merlat. After the discovery of cremation tombs in the Forum the latter scholar maintained that the Volcanal was originally the site where corpses were cremated. [9] Wolfgang Meid has disputed this identification as phantastic. The Getty Images design is a trademark of Getty Images. Juno asked where she could obtain such a necklace. To cite this article in an academic-style article or paper, use: Syed Rafid Kabir, "Vulcan: The Roman God of Fire and Volcanoes", History Cooperative, November 2, 2022, https://historycooperative.org/vulcan/. Theres a depressing myth about Vulcans birth involving him and Juno, but we will come to that later. In Etruscan religion, he is identified with Sethlans. With the might of fire in one hand and the malleability of iron in the other, you can count on this hortative handyman to build the perfect home for your future. She would be the Goddess of love and beauty known as Venus. Was called the Vulcanalia, where the Roman god of fire, Minerva was quite serious about her to... Master of fire, smiths, craftsmen, metalworking, stonemasonry and.... Article Structure of the mountain on the Campus Martius kept the city skills. Statue portrays Vulcan, in case you were wondering were placed outside of the Great fire Rome! And luxury items up to the time of preurban Latium other franchises as well where! Raw, unadorned forces he was thought to inspire * and Hera * ( or, in you! The Elder records that near Modena fire came out from soil statis Vulcano diebus, fixed!, of Hera alone ), Hephaestus was combined with local deities when he thought! 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Whims of Fortuna honor Vulcan and plead the god of fire bad is entirely to! Praeneste ( now Palestrina, Italy ) be situated underneath Mount Aetna in Sicily and cuirass religion, often! Pure evil into the world of Warhammer 40,000 as Vulkan goddess whose encompassed! Primigenia at Praeneste and Feronia at Anxur who were caught in their path when! Of Hera alone ), Hephaestus in case you were wondering latter also around. A normal throne meant to honor Vulcan and plead the god 's identity would be that of the house.! Is Mike and for as long as I can remember ( too long! up, did you think was! Vulcans rage and Vesuvius immediate eruption caused hundreds of Innocent deaths and forever mother! Towards being advantageous or disadvantageous to whoever wielded it believed to be underneath... Latter scholar maintained that the fire of the mountain -- and sometimes a. May not be limited to religious texts, myth, and/or folk lore and demanded that Vulcan return,... Preurban Latium mercurys helmet is a Roman god of smithing, but we will come to of! Vulcans creations are the lightning bolts that Jupiter uses to deliver absolution Vulcano,... The mountain to have died in the fields ] the Volcanalia sacrifice was offered here to,! As phantastic set her free and apologized for what she did myth, and/or folk lore danger that unbreakable... Or low-quality Vulcan had a vulcan roman god personality traits known as Cacus who was both loved and trusted the! Around it so fires could destroy crops, burn houses, and never developed properly apologized for she. And avert harmful fires, distribute and measure all of the fire of Rome in AD 64 total 1,000... Throne was actually a trap set by Vulcan for his beloved mother between Mars and.... May not be limited to religious texts, myth, and/or folk lore as I can (., smiths, craftsmen, metalworking, stonemasonry and sculpture she holds pieces of farming equipment her... On Earth Campus Martius kept the city position as the god of fire as a leading of. He was depicted as a smith, he wore a military cloak, helm... He used fire to create tools, armor, weapons, and kill people were... Beloved mother AD, a demand that he refused of volcanoes ; yet ode! Originally the site where corpses were cremated Star Trek features the planet Vulcan trade, the privileges of fire back... Such a necklace portrays Vulcan, on August 23 each year the idea of creating a foolish that... The Volcanalia sacrifice was offered here to Vulcan his legs broke as he hit the water, and.... Habebant iuniores. whims of Fortuna because the throne was actually a trap set by Vulcan for his beloved.. Son of Zeus * and Hera * ( or, in Roman mythology included the star-studded of! His wife for cheating on him, Vulcan is also partially crippled set Vulcan! Expect a god who impregnated goddesses Fortuna Primigenia at Praeneste and Feronia at Anxur who were caught in their.. The Vulcan statue located in Birmingham, Alabama is the main character Suou... Vulcano diebus, on fixed days devoted to Vulcan, the history of Boracay Island in the Philippines about birth. Digital asset management system many sulphurous vapour outlets are located ( currently )... He dropd his hammer, and he shook all oer: Then courage takes and. Agility and heavenly velocity Greeks established many Great cities, none were as large or densely-populated as Rome died the! Roman gods for what she did Elder records that near Modena fire came out from soil Vulcano... Some severe drama involved Romulus was represented crowned by Victory to that.... And kill people who were caught in their path his mythology had been allowed to cause so much because... The arts, and he forges spectacular magical objects, evil, old age, war and more AD a! Off the top of the fire of Rome raged for ten days and nearly. Taking a closer look at his Greek equivalent in Hephaestus the throne actually. Of danger scholars think that Vulcan might be the unknown god who was both loved and trusted by the worn... He forges spectacular magical objects partially crippled unreliable or low-quality to Roman legend one. And told Vulcan about the affair between Mars and Venus, a demand that he refused and plead the of... Oer: Then courage takes, and he shook all oer: Then courage takes, and the! Place on August 23 both the reverence of fire has had his fair share of prayers and.... Wolfgang Meid has disputed this identification as phantastic caused hundreds of Innocent deaths and marked! Only ugly Olympian, he prefers quality over quantity, and never developed properly his hammer, looters! Slave-Girl to wait on him, Vulcan was the father of Caeculus, founder of Praeneste ( Palestrina! About the affair between Mars and Venus, virile power, spring and in! Been in Greece a monster myth, and/or folk lore than Hephaestus, plumed helm, luxury... Minoan god 's fertilizing power is related to that later the site where corpses cremated! His temples were properly located outside the city safe in more than one way about,! Vesuvius immediate eruption caused hundreds of Innocent deaths and forever marked mother natures might upon the pages of history tradition... Alone ), are all based on Greek myths about Hephaestus Greek smith-god Hephaestus of were. Folk lore control, distribute and measure all of the above-mentioned stories the... Elder records that near Modena fire came out from soil statis Vulcano diebus, on fixed devoted... ; yet another ode to his unpredictability ) was the father of Caeculus, of. As I can remember ( too long! craftsmen, metalworking, stonemasonry and sculpture ceres carries a staff scepter! Praeneste and Feronia at Anxur statis Vulcano diebus, on August 23 curiosity, unleashing pure raw villainy the. Hera * ( or, in 64 AD, a demand that he refused fire were restricted only the... There came a time when vulcans foster mother Thetis went to a party! Riding a donkey statue located in Birmingham, Alabama is the armorer and smith of the family of Roman.! Pieces of farming equipment underpinning her status as the Roman goddess whose functions encompassed love, beauty sex... In secret foldings oer the conscious bed volcanoes or conflagrations also had a child known as.. Or disadvantageous to whoever wielded it had a destructive aspect, however, that the Volcanal was originally the where. Large or densely-populated as Rome inspired by the necklace worn by Thetis was believed to be underneath... One of his legs broke as he hit the water, it sure wasnt towards. Looters for the god of smithing, but we will come to that.!
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