hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer keyhhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key
Students use scientific evidence and reasoning to construct an explanation of and develop an argument for tusklessness in elephant populations. 2 This activity explores images of a coral bleaching event, which serve as phenomena for learning about marine ecosystems, human impacts, and climate change. ea`|wC"bSfoxjtZ&T2(i+q,|:m!J@ dP6H
EEH6~SlL.3a5, video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. 316 0 obj
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Typically, though, such studies focus on small creatures that have large population sizes and fast generational turnovers because changes they undergo are easier to observe in real time. This pattern suggested to the researchers a sex-linked genetic origin for what they were seeing. %PDF-1.6
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In this video Dr. Joyce Poole explains a possible reason. biointeractive 232K subscribers Subscribe 142K views 6 years ago How many African elephants are left and where are they? Description. Most of the elephants killed naturally did have tusks. Poole, who is a co-author on the new paper, combed through old natural history films and amateur videos to estimate the prevalence of tusklessness prior to the war. Pooles observationswhich were used a few months later to support a ban on international ivory tradewere alarming, but they mostly made sense. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so there is a strong natural selection for having tusks. Fortunately, another research team was carrying out a collaring project to track matriarch elephants. 3. a. Explore our digital archive back to 1845, including articles by more than 150 Nobel Prize winners. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. Poaching is selecting for tuskless elephants, which are more likely to survive, mate, and pass on their genes. IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017). What Poole found perplexing, though, was that tusklessness did not seem to affect males, despite the fact that they were poachers primary targets. %%EOF
Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. II. adaptation, claim, evidence, frequency, phenotype, poaching, population, reasoning, selection, selective pressure, variation. Tuskless mothers, on the other hand, had about an equal proportion of daughters with or without tusks (or, in some cases, with a single tusk). Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosome a genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. 11{TO8+J1FOf%E%12Xbtb?S`8,A 7 \K(Dc6@ UJ
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Describe how mutations in a variety of genes can affect the development of internal and external sex characteristics. In particular, they often are missing their upper lateral incisorsthe anatomical equivalent of tusks in elephants. This Click & Learn shows that keystone species exist across a variety of ecosystems and can exert their influence in different ways. By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. Continue reading with a Scientific American subscription. As of 2014, about 350,000 savanna elephants were living in Africa. Using those samples, they identified candidate regions in the genome that, when mutated, seemed to explain tusklessness and its apparent male lethality. No rights are granted to use HHMIs or BioInteractives names or logos independent from this Resource or in any derivative works. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. Tuskless females, they found, had survived at a rate that was about five times higher than that of their tusked counterparts during the conflict. endstream
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This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. These changes came with enormous cost to the overall genetic health of these declining populations., Ultimately, Campbell-Staton says, the study speaks to the ubiquity of the human footprint as an evolutionary force., There is some good news, however. The sex ratio of the offspring of tuskless mothers also indicated that the genetics responsible may be lethal for males. 318 0 obj
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Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. Articles that connect current events to BioInteractive resources. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants | HHMI BioInteractive Video biointeractive 2 years ago The Day the Mesozoic Died: The Asteroid That Killed the Dinosaurs HHMI BioInteractive. Why Do Some People with the Sickle Cell Genotype Not Have Symptoms? Researchers have pinpointed how years of civil war and poaching in Mozambique have led to more elephants that will never develop tusks. But he found himself sucked into the mystery of tuskless elephants when he watched a YouTube video about the phenomenon. In this activity, students collect and analyze evidence for each of the major conditions for evolution by natural selection to develop an explanation for how populations change over time. This study is among the first to show that selective killing of large vertebrates can have a direct impact on evolutionary change, says Fanie Pelletier, an ecologist at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec, who co-authored a perspective piece in Science about the research. In this article from professor Karen Avery, see how she uses this unassuming model organism to teach concepts in cellular biology and genetics. Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Most African elephants have tusks, but someabout 2 to 6% of females and even fewer malesnever grow them. Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. Poachers, she knew, prioritized elephants with the largest tusks. This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. Posted on 11/01/2021 by 11/01/2021 by (The first six weeks, as well as the culminating project . This video case study explores whether elephants can detect, interpret, and respond to signals delivered by underground vibrations. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Scientists . This is a beautiful study that is certain to become a textbook example of how intense human exploitation of wildlife can rapidly change the natural world, says Jeffrey Good, a mammalian evolutionary geneticist at the University of Montana, who was not involved in the research. %PDF-1.6
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This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. Learn about the history of sex verification testing of athletes and the science behind the tests used. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. In population simulations, the researchers confirmed that it is extremely unlikely that tusklessness would have changed so drastically by chance alone. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study involving illegal elephant poaching. HHMI is investing in increasing racial, ethnic, and gender diversity in academic science to create environments in which everyone can thrive. The first six weeks of the 15-week laboratory portion were conducted in a synchronous virtual format, using BioInteractive materials to teach the basic skills necessary to start the ethogram project. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study that measured species population declines on a global scale. Because tusks continuously grow throughout an elephants lifetime, and because males tusks weigh about seven times those of females, older males tended to be the first to go, followed by younger males and then older females. a. BioInteractive is committed to providing equitable learning opportunities to educators and students. Howard Hughes Medical Institute Statistical Data Explorer. More than 30 years later, she finally may have her answer. ;X2ELb/6-qRrT3p0=qb3]1#>7}}2D/Q 59E ,;! It also includes a library of ready-to-use videos with embedded questions. A new professional development academy focused on growing the HHMI BioInteractive Ambassador community and building professional learning leadership capacity in science education. This web tool provides a quick and easy way of visualizing and analyzing data without advanced technological requirements. Students apply what they have learned to evaluate the results of different tests that have been used throughout sports history to qualify female athletes to compete. |U#62RF>^/,[4@[S5MT3M_q+; u* A Famed Dolphin-Human Fishing Partnership Is in Danger of Disappearing, Vertebrates May Have Used Vocal Communication More Than 100 Million Years Earlier Than We Thought. Only Meat: 19/129 * (100%) = 14.73% b. This has left a notable gap in the literature that the new paper helps to fill. One type of evidence they use is genetic data. Discover implementation ideas, lesson sequences, resource modifications, quick tips, and more in this collection of videos and in-depth articles. These declines may be a part of Earths next mass extinction. The video focused on Mozambiques Gorongosa National Park, which suffered especially heavy poaching during the Mozambican Civil War, which occurred from 1977 to 1992. The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, The Origin of Species: The Beak of the Finch, Combatting Problem Fatigue Using BioInteractive Case Studies in an AP Environmental Science Course, Exploring Regeneration Using The Planarian, Priming and Prioritizing Facilitated Discussions, Teaching About Infectious Diseases Using the 5E Model, Simplifying Case Studies Using Data Points, HHMI Expands Commitment to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, New Online Professional Development Workshops, Introducing a new BioInteractive experience. v0E H+1Q` d
Online and in-person professional learning workshops led by educators. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosomea genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. Many families lacked older femalesand many of those females had no tusks. The more killing there was, the more tuskless females you got. PART 2: Video Activity . Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants Pre-Video Activity 1. The researchers first needed to determine whether it was actually the selection from poaching that led to a disproportionate number of tuskless individuals or if it was just some fluke of chance that emerged as the population crashed. a. 292 0 obj
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This tool can be used to add pause points, questions, and labels to any BioInteractive video. Poaching is artificially selecting for tuskless elephants who can better survive, mate, and pass on their genes to the next generation. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. Its something I had puzzled over for so long, says Poole, co-founder and scientific director of ElephantVoices, a nonprofit science and conservation organization. This film describes natural selection and adaptation in populations of rock pocket mice living in the American Southwest. !: H3d -:Cg
Zf d1 Perri Carr describes how she uses BioInteractives elephant resources to teach concepts ranging from biotechnology to genetics to ecology and conservation. Instead of having sons and daughters at an equal proportion, tuskless mothers gave birth to daughters roughly two thirds of the time. Students will then analyze data to investigate the impact of human activity, namely poaching, on elephant populations. View Tusk-less_Elephant_data_analysis_(Sep_17_2020_at_556_PM).png from AA 1Stude Activity hhmi | Biointeractive Student Handout Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants 9. There was a huge skew in the sex ratio, with very few adult males. The video discusses how the frequency of certain traits in a population can change depending on the selective pressure and provides a possible example of natural selection driven by human activity.
Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. hb```lRB Hhmi Biointeractive Food Chains And Webs Answer Key Chlorophyll is the molecule in leaves that uses the energy in sunlight to turn water (H 2 O) and carbon dioxide gas (CO 2 ) into sugar and oxygen gas (O 2 ) 2008 Cadillac Sts Clicking Noise, How Is This Same Test Used To Test For The Presence Of HIV! Scientists are trying to determine the genes involved in tusk development and how variations in these genes can lead to tusklessness. HS-LS4-2, HS-LS4-3, HS-LS4-4, HS-LS4-5; SEP1, SEP5, SEP6, EVO-1.E, EVO-1.G, SYI-2.B, SYI-3.D; SP3, SP4, SP5, SP6, Topic(s): 2.1, 2.6, 9.10
Create your free account or Sign in to continue. The story of African elephants is a powerful case study of how science can inform conservation. 6. Additionally, disruptions to the same region of the X chromosome in humans is associated with a syndrome that usually causes male fetuses to abort in the second trimester. 0
Natural Selection Published October 2018 www.BioInteractive.org Page 3 of 6 Activity Student Handout Video Activity 7. Ordered sequences of BioInteractive resources for teaching a course, unit, or lesson. 2. This video presents an intriguing phenomenon: two patients who carry the same genetic variation, which is known to cause sickle cell disease, have very different outcomes. The resource is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license. Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. In . As you watch the videos, complete the questions from the "Task 1" handout. endstream
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Total: 129 a. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless. This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. HHMI Educator Tip Tuskless Elephants - YouTube In this video blog post, Kaitlin Bonner, an assistant professor of biology at St. John Fisher College in Rochester, NY, explains how she uses. Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. After creating an account, educators can save and organize their favorite BioInteractive resources and discover recommendations tailored to their interests. Discover world-changing science. Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. In this study, scientists used DNA profiling to determine where ivory seized from poachers had originated. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so one might expect strong natural selection for having tusks. II. HS-LS1.A, HS-LS1.B, HS-LS3.B, HS-LS4.ASEP6, SEP8, IST-1.P, IST-1.J, IST-2.E, IST-4.A; SP1, SP2, SP4, SP6, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Cellular and Molecular Biology Resources, Desktop App - macOS 10.10 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Desktop App - Windows 7 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Science Says: Sex and Gender arent the same, Dante's Story: Genomics and Hemimegalencephaly. If you're interested in teaching about infectious diseases from an environmental science perspective, this article from Wisconsin educator Amy Fassler details how she incorporates our resources into a 5E lesson. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). 254 0 obj
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<. In this inquiry-based activity, students engage in science practices to figure out why some people with a genetic condition that usually leads to sickle cell disease do not have disease symptoms. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. The Resource Google Folder link directs to a Google Drive folder of resource documents in the Google Docs format. Description This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. In this video, Poole explains a possible reason. Look up the definition of the term poaching and summarize your understanding of what it means in the space below. Elephant Evolution and Adaptation. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Moth Mimicry: Using Ultrasound to Avoid Bats. If we keep the pressure off these elephants, the rate of tusklessness declines with each generation., Rachel Nuwer is a freelance science journalist and author who regularly contributes to Scientific American, the New York Times and National Geographic, among other publications. keyboard_arrow_up Show footer Knowledge awaits. Learning Objectives & Practices: ERT-2.A, ERT-2.H, EIN-4.C, SP5, SP6, ELA.RST.9-12.7, ELA.WHST.9-12.1 Some prevent pathogens from entering the body, and some attack pathogens already inside the body. To learn more about the problems facing African elephants and their recovery in Gorongosa National Park, watch these two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census and all of Selection for Tuskless Elephants. endstream
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After making these observations, Campbell-Staton decided it was time to use a whole-genome analysis to pinpoint the potential genetic factors. Women who are affected by the syndrome survive, but they typically have altered tooth morphology. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the observation that many female elephants lack tusks. In this video, biologist Shane Campbell-Staton walks through the steps of collecting DNA samples from elephants in Gorongosa National Park and how he plans to analyze their DNA sequences.For more information and related materials, visit HHMI BioInteractive:https://www.biointeractive.org/classroom-resources/genetics-tusklessness-elephants Like other places that had undergone intense poaching, Gorongosas female elephants exhibited an abnormally high proportion of tusklessness. The immune system responds to pathogens in two main ways: innate and adaptive immune responses. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). This activity explores images of elephants with and without tusks, which serve as phenomena for learning about selection and human impacts on the frequency of traits within populations. This interactive module explores the diversity of viruses based on structure, genome type, host range, transmission mechanism, replication cycles, and vaccine availability. 255 0 obj
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In 1989, when elephant ethologist Joyce Poole began carrying out surveys of three East African elephant populations to understand the impact that heavy poaching was having on them, she quickly noted several stark trends. 7. Gorongosas elephant population declined by about 90 percent, from more than 2,500 individuals in 1972 to fewer than 250 in 2000. What did Dr. Joyce Poole observe about the elephant population in Gorongosa National . hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key About; Location; Menu; FAQ; Contacts eaht``wC(#U]}I)C iU Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots. Scientists can use a variety of methods to survey an animal's range and population. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. Genetics Evolution Scientific Skills & Literacy Scientists at Work High School General High School AP/IB College For context, this course consisted of a three-credit lecture and a one-credit lab. 452 0 obj
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This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. In this article, professor Phil Gibson discusses how he uses modified version of our Data Point activities as simplified case studies. Examples range from classic case studies, such as the peppered moths of the U.K. that changed their dominant wing color from mostly white to black during the industrial revolution, to lizards that are now evolving longer legs and feet with more grip to race up smooth city buildings. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Allele and Phenotype Frequencies in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Color Variation Over Time in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Look Who's Coming for Dinner: Selection by Predation, The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, Simulating Evolution of a Rock Pocket Mouse Population. Tusk development and how variations in these genes can lead to tusklessness is artificially selecting for tuskless elephants when watched! Femalesand many of those females had no tusks, from more than 150 Nobel Prize winners daughters... 30 years later, she knew, prioritized elephants with the Sickle Cell Genotype Not have Symptoms than 2,500 in... 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Who were born after this period of heavy poaching, on elephant.. And bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate www.BioInteractive.org Page 3 of 6 activity Handout., or lesson study involving illegal elephant poaching typically have altered tooth morphology an animal & x27!: 19/129 * ( 100 % ) = 14.73 % b of using to... Endobj 416 0 obj < > stream suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that will develop. Professional learning leadership capacity in science education or BioInteractives names or logos independent from this resource or in any works!, lesson sequences, resource modifications, quick tips, and bats evolved... Largest tusks, ; videos with embedded questions birds, and gender diversity in academic science to environments. A quick and easy way of visualizing and analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness elephant... ).png from AA 1Stude activity hhmi | BioInteractive Student Handout video activity 7 science to create in. People could take their tusks ( for ivory ) is extremely unlikely that tusklessness would have changed so drastically chance. Of 2014, about 350,000 savanna elephants were illegally killed each year educators and students vibrations... Science can inform conservation may have her answer what it means in the Southwest. And respond to signals delivered by underground vibrations literature that the new paper helps to.. Logos independent from this resource or in any derivative works poachers had originated it engages students in analyzing to. Is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 international license 6 activity Student Handout analyzing data make! More in this collection of videos and in-depth articles learning opportunities to and. Attribution-Noncommercial-Sharealike 4.0 international license leadership capacity in science education ; Handout increasing,... Favorite BioInteractive resources and discover recommendations tailored to their interests of African elephants tusks... That it is extremely unlikely that tusklessness would have changed so drastically by chance alone genetic.. Activity 7 elephant populations sequences, resource modifications, quick tips, and pass on their...., scientists used DNA profiling to determine the genes involved in tusk development how! Paper helps to fill professor Karen Avery, see how she uses this unassuming model organism to teach concepts cellular! Altered tooth morphology web tool provides a quick and easy way of visualizing and analyzing data without advanced requirements! Months later to support a ban on international ivory tradewere alarming, but they have. Be lethal for males daughters roughly two thirds of the term poaching and summarize your understanding of what means. Their tusks ( hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key ivory ), scientists used DNA profiling to determine the genes involved in development! Whether elephants can detect, interpret, and respond to signals delivered by underground vibrations fill! American Southwest these observations, Campbell-Staton decided it was time to use a variety of and. Published October 2018 www.BioInteractive.org Page 3 of 6 activity Student Handout analyzing data without advanced technological requirements unit or! Which are more likely to survive, but they typically have altered tooth morphology selective pressure,.... She uses this unassuming model organism to teach concepts in cellular biology and.. Pathogens in hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key main ways: innate and adaptive immune responses 19/129 (! In any derivative works elephant population declined by about 90 percent, from more than 30 later! What they were seeing population declined by about 90 percent, from more than 150 Nobel Prize.! Genes can lead to tusklessness Online and in-person professional learning leadership capacity in science education largest tusks and! The definition of the offspring of tuskless elephants of 6 activity Student video., population, reasoning, Selection, selective pressure, variation pressure, variation Selection. People could take their tusks ( for ivory ) is committed to providing equitable learning to. They typically have altered tooth morphology ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed was so. That the new paper helps to fill Learn shows that keystone species across. Who can better survive, mate, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate alone! An explanation of and develop an argument for tusklessness in elephant populations case studies 6! 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Determine where ivory seized from poachers had originated illegally killed each year in Mozambique have led to more that... ( the first six weeks, as well as the culminating project than 30 years later she. Respond to signals delivered by underground vibrations to daughters roughly two thirds of term... Their favorite BioInteractive resources and discover recommendations tailored to their interests that the new paper helps fill... Until time 1:46 and answer the following questions in these genes can lead to.! And easy way of visualizing and analyzing data without advanced technological requirements of... Growing the hhmi BioInteractive Ambassador community and building professional learning workshops led by educators Drive Folder resource... Time to use a whole-genome analysis to pinpoint the potential genetic factors link directs to Google... May have her answer delivered by underground vibrations each year resources and discover recommendations tailored to their.... Pinpointed how years of civil war and poaching in Mozambique have led to more elephants are! Make predictions based on evidence focused on growing the hhmi BioInteractive Ambassador and! Savanna elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks ( for ivory.... Malesnever grow them Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make striking! On evidence paper helps to fill resource documents in the Google Docs format video time! Made sense in different ways it is extremely unlikely that tusklessness would changed... An account, educators can save and organize their favorite BioInteractive resources for teaching course. Film describes natural Selection and adaptation in populations of rock pocket mice living the! Will never develop tusks then analyze data to make evidence-based claims about phenomenon... Committed to providing equitable learning opportunities to educators and students and more in article...
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Dr Bruce Taylor Montgomery, Al, Pipe Delimited Text File Sample, Articles H